Student status was associated with high anxiety subscale scores ( p<0.001).

The non-health care professionals (non-HCP) had significantly higher levels of stress ( p=0.034) and depression signals ( p=0.028) and higher IES-R score ( p=0.001) than health care professionals (HCP). The young age group of 12-21.4 years, single people and those who had no children had significantly high stress, anxiety, depression and IES-R scores. Table 1 shows that male respondents had significantly lower scores for stress ( p=0.018), anxiety ( p=0.038) and IES-R ( p=0.015) compared to females.

Sociodemographic factors and association with psychological impact For the stress subscale, 1131 (60.2%) reported normal scores (score 33).ģ.2. For the anxiety subscale, 1157 (61.6%) reported normal scores (score: 0-6) 181 (9.6%) reported mild anxiety symptoms (score: 7-9) 333 (17.7%) reported moderate anxiety symptoms (score: 10-14) and 208 (11.1%) reported severe to extremely severe anxiety symptoms (scores 15-42). For the depression subscale, 1338 (71.2%) were considered to have a normal score (score: 0-9) 224 (11.9%) reported mild depressive symptoms (score: 10-12) 239 (12.7%) moderate depressive symptoms (scores 13-20) and 78 (4.2%) reported severe to extremely severe depressive symptoms (score: 21-42). Respondents’ depression, anxiety and stress levels, measured using DASS-21 scale, revealed a sample mean score of 25.94 (SD =20.59). Has children older than 16 years and younger than 16 years Residential country during the COVID-19 outbreak Therefore, this study aims to establish the prevalence of psychiatric symptoms and identify risk and protective factors contributing to psychological stress among social media users in the Philippines during the COVID-19 pandemic. To date, there are no studies that examine the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic to the general population in the Philippines. It is imperative to determine the prevalence of adverse mental health issues in a society during this pandemic and mitigate its psychological risks and consequences. Overwhelming deep emotional traumas and socio-economic stressors brought about by the pandemic and the lockdowns have even led the more vulnerable people to commit suicide ( Mamun & Griffiths, 2020 Mamun & Ullah, 2020 Miller, 2020 Rajkumar, 2020a). Patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 may experience fear, while those in quarantine might experience boredom, loneliness, and anger ( Xiang et al., 2020). Infection or death of family and friends could worsen the overall mental health well-being of an individual ( Ahmed et al., 2020). The systematic review and meta-analysis done by Salari et al. (2020) among the general populations in Asia and Europe showed that the prevalence of stress was 29.6% (95% confidence interval, 24.3-35.4), anxiety was 31.9% (95% CI, 27.5-36.7) and depression was 33.7% (95% CI, 27.5-40.6). There were reported manifestations of distress, anxiety, depression, and insomnia in general populations ( Wang et al., 2020a Wang et al., 2020b Rajkumar, 2020b). With the novel coronavirus plaguing the world, there are so many uncertainties with the disease with a possibility of a fatal outcome. Previous disease outbreaks caused generalized fear to the public and induced fear-related behaviors and anxiety ( Shultz et al., 2016 Person et al., 2004). People were forced to stay in their homes.

Business and school activities were suspended indefinitely. Curfew, check-points and travel restrictions were implemented ( PCOO, 2020 Yap and Jiao, 2020). In the Philippines, President Rodrigo Duterte placed the entire Luzon archipelago on enhanced community quarantine on Ma( Official Gazette, 2020). Control efforts worldwide led to travel bans and restrictions. To date, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes COVID-19 disease, has affected 213 countries and territories around the world with 14 million cases and half a million deaths ( WHO, 2020). It may follow the influenza pandemic of 1918 in magnitude which affected about one-third of the world population and killed 50 million. The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020.

112 operator pandemic outbreak